BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DERVISHES.

BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DERVISHES.

I now commence my tale; pay attention to it, and be just to its merits. In the Adventures of the Four Darwesh, it is thus written, and the narrator has related, that formerly in the Empire of Rum there reigned a great king, in whom were innate justice equal to that of Naushirwan, and generosity like that of Hatim. His name was Azad-Bakht, and his imperial residence was at Constantinople, (which they call Istambol.) In his reign the peasant was happy, the treasury full, the army satisfied, and the poor at ease. They lived in such peace and plenty, that in their homes the day was a festival, and the night was a shab-e-barat. Thieves, robbers, pickpockets, swindlers, and all such as were vicious and dishonest, he utterly exterminated, and no vestige of them allowed him to remain in his kingdom. The doors of the houses were unsheathed all night, and the shops of the bazar remained open. The travelers and wayfarers chinked gold as they went along, over plains and through woods; and no one asked them, How many teeth do you have in your mouth, or Where are you going?

There were thousands of cities in that king's dominions, and many princes paid him tribute. Though he was so great a king, he never for a moment neglected his duties or his prayers to God. He possessed all the necessary comforts of this world; but male issue, which is the fruit of life, was not in the garden of his destiny, for which reason he was often pensive and sorrowful, and after the five regulated periods of prayer, he used to address himself to his Creator and say, O God! thou hast, through thy infinite goodness blest thy weak creature with every comfort, but thou hast given no light to this dark abode. This desire alone is unaccomplished, that I have no one to transmit my name and support my old age. Thou hast everything in thy hidden treasury; give me a living and thriving son, that my name and the vestiges of this kingdom may remain.

In this hope the king reached his fortieth year; when one day he had finished his prayers in the Mirror Saloon, and while telling his beads, he happened to cast his eyes towards one of the mirrors, and perceived a white hair in his whiskers, which glittered like a silver wire; on seeing it, the king's eyes filled with tears, and he heaved a deep sigh, and then said to himself, Alas! thou hast wasted thy years to no purpose, and for earthly advantages thou hast overturned the world. And all the countries thou hast conquered, what advantage are they to thee? Some other race will in the end squander these riches.

Death hath already sent thee a messenger; and even if thou livest a few years, the strength of thy body will be less. Hence, it appears clearly from this circumstance, that it is not my destiny to have an heir to my canopy and throne. I must one day die, and leave everything behind me; so it is better for me to quit them now, and dedicate the rest of my days to the adoration of my Maker.

Having in his heart made this resolve, he descended to his lower garden. Having dismissed his courtiers, he ordered that no one should approach him in future, but that all should attend the Public Hall of Audience, and continue to be occupied in their respective duties. After this speech the king retired to a private apartment, spread the carpet of prayer, and began to occupy himself in devotion: he did nothing but weep and sigh. Thus the king, Azad-Bakht passed many days; in the evening he broke his fast with a date and three mouthfuls of water, and lay all day and night on the carpet of prayer. Those circumstances became public, and by degrees the intelligence spread over the whole empire, that the king having withdrawn his hand from public affairs, had become a recluse. In every quarter enemies and rebels raised their heads, and stepped beyond the bounds (of obedience); whoever wished it, encroached on the kingdom, and rebelled; wherever there were governors, in their jurisdictions great disturbance took place; and complaints of mal-administration arrived at court from every province. All the courtiers and nobles assembled, and began to confer and consult.

At last it was agreed, that as his Highness the Wazir is wise and intelligent, and in the king's intimacy and confidence, and is first in dignity, we ought to go before him, and hear what he thinks proper to say on the occasion, All the nobles went to his Highness the Wazir, and said: Such is the state of the king and such the condition of the kingdom, that if more delay takes place, this empire, which has been acquired with such trouble, will be lost for nothing, and will not be easily regained. The Wazir was an old, faithful servant, and wise; his name was Khirad-mand, a self-significant name. He replied, Though the king has forbidden us to come into his presence, yet go you: I will also go--may it please God that the king be inclined to call me to his presence. After saying this, the Wazir brought them all along with him as far as the Public Hall of Audience, and leaving them there, he went into the Private Hall of Audience, and sent word by the eunuch to the royal presence, saying, this old slave is in waiting, and for many days has not beheld the royal countenance; he is in hopes that, after one look, he may kiss the royal feet, then his mind will be at ease. The king heard this request of his Wazir, and inasmuch as his majesty knew his length of services, his zeal, his talents, and his devotedness, and had often followed his advice, after some consideration, he said, call in Khirad-mand. As soon as permission was obtained, the Wazir appeared in the royal presence, made his obeisance, and stood with crossed arms. He saw the king's strange and altered appearance, that from extreme weeping and emaciation his eyes were sunk in their sockets, and his visage was pale.

Khirad-mand could no longer restrain himself, but without choice, ran and threw himself at (the king's) feet. His majesty lifted up the Wazir's head with his hands, and said, There, thou hast at last seen me; art thou satisfied? Now go away, and do not disturb me more- do thou govern the empire. Khirad-mand, on hearing this, gnashing his teeth, wept said, This slave, by your favour and welfare, can always possess a kingdom; but ruin is spread over the empire from your majesty's such sudden seclusion, and the end of it will not be prosperous. What strange fancy has possessed the royal mind! If to this hereditary vassal your majesty will condescend to explain yourself, it will be for the best--that I may unfold whatever occurs to my imperfect judgment on the occasion. If you have bestowed honours on your slaves,it is for this exigency, that your majesty may enjoy yourself at your ease, and your slaves regulate the affairs of the state; for if your imperial highness is to bear this trouble, which God forbid! of what utility are the servants of the state? The king replied, Thou sayest true; but the sorrow which preys on my mind is beyond cure.

Hear, O Khiradmand! My whole age has passed in this vexatious career of conquest, and I have now arrived at these years; there is only death before me; I have even received a message from him, for my hairs have turned white. There is a saying; 'We have slept all night, and shall we not awake in the morning?' Until now I have not had a son, that I might be easy in mind; for which reason my heart is very sorrowful, and I have utterly abandoned everything. Whoever wishes, may take the country and my riches. I have no use for them. Moreover, I intend some day or other, to quit everything, retire to the woods and mountains, and not show my face to anyone. In this manner I will pass this life of (at best but) a few days' duration. If some spot pleases me, I shall sit down on it; and by devoting my time in prayers to God, perhaps my future state will be happy; this world I have seen well, and have found no felicity in it. After pronouncing these words, the king heaved a deep sigh, and became silent.

Khiradmand had been the Wazir of his majesty's father, and when the king was heir-apparent he had loved him; moreover, he was wise and zealous. He said (to Azad Bakht,) It is ever wrong to despair of God's grace; He who has created the eighteen thousand species of living beings by one fiat, can give you children without any difficulty. Mighty sire, banish these fanciful notions from your mind, or else all your subjects will be thrown into confusion, and this empire,--with what trouble and pains your royal forefathers and yourself have erected it!--will be lost in a moment, and, from want of care, the whole country will be ruined; God forbid that you should incur evil fame! Moreover, you will have to answer to God, in the day of judgment, when he will say, 'Having made thee a king, I placed my creatures under thy care; but thou hadst no faith in my beneficence, and thou hast afflicted thy subjects (by abandoning thy charge.') What answer will you make to this accusation? Then even your devotion and prayers will not avail you, for the heart of man is the abode of God, and kings will have to answer only for the justice of their conduct. Pardon your slave's want of respect, but to leave their homes, and wander from forest to forest, is the occupation of hermits, but not that of kings. You ought to act according to your allotted station: the remembering of God, and devotion to him, are not limited to woods or mountains: your majesty has undoubtedly heard this verse, 'God is near him, and he seeks him in the wilderness; the child is in his arms, and there is a proclamation (of its being Lost) throughout the city.'

If you will be pleased to act impartially, and follow this slave's advice, in that case the best thing is, that your Majesty should keep God in mind every moment, and offer up to him your prayers. No one has yet returned hopeless from his threshold. In the day, arrange the affairs of state, and administer justice to the poor and injured; then the creatures of God will repose in peace and comfort under the skirt of your prosperity. Pray at night; and after beseeching blessings for the pure spirit of the Prophet, solicit assistance from recluse Darweshes and holy men, (who are abstracted from worldly objects and cares;) bestow daily food on orphans, prisoners, poor parents of numerous children, and helpless widows. From the blessings of these good works and benevolent intentions, if God please, it is to be fervently hoped that the objects and desires of your heart will all be fulfilled, and the circumstances for which the royal mind is afflicted, will likewise be accomplished, and your noble heart will rejoice! Look towards the favor of God, for he can in a moment do what he wishes. At length, from such various representations on the part of Kheradmand the Wazir, Azad Bakht's heart took courage, and he said, Well, what you say is true; let us see to this also; and hereafter, the will of God be done.

When the king's mind was comforted, he asked the Wazir what the other nobles and ministers were doing, and how they were. He replied, that all the pillars of state are praying for the life and prosperity of your majesty; and from grief for your situation, they are all in confusion and dejected. Show the royal countenance to them, that they may be easy in their minds. Accordingly, they are now waiting in the Diwan-e-Aam. On hearing this, the king said, If God please, I will hold a court to-morrow: tell them all to attend. Khiradmand was quite rejoiced on hearing this promise, and lifting up his hands, blessed the king, saying, As long as this earth and heaven exist, may your majesty's crown and throne remain. Then taking leave (of the king,) he retired with infinite joy, and communicated these pleasing tidings to the nobles. All the nobles returned to their homes with smiles and gladness of heart. The whole city rejoiced, and the subjects became boundless (in their transports at the idea) that the king would hold a general court the next day. In the morning, all the servants of state, noble and menial, and the pillars of state, small and great, came to the court, and stood each according to his respective place and degree, and waited with anxiety to behold the royal splendor.

When one pahar of the day had elapsed, all at once the curtain drew up, and the king, having ascended, seated himself on the auspicious throne. The sounds of joy struck up in the Naubat-Khana, and all the assembly offered the nazars of congratulation, and made their obeisance in the hall of audience. Each was rewarded according to his respective degree and rank, and the hearts of all became joyful and easy. At midday his majesty arose and retired to the interior of the palace; and after enjoying the royal repast, retired to rest. From that day the king made this an established rule, viz., to hold his court every morning, and pass the afternoons in reading and in the offices of devotion; and after expressing penitence, and beseeching forgiveness from God, to pray for the accomplishment of his desires.

One day, the king saw it written in a book, that if anyone is so oppressed with grief and care as not to be relieved by (any human) contrivance, he ought to commit (his sorrows) to Providence, visit the tombs of the dead, and pray for the blessing of God on them, through the mediation of the Prophet; and conceiving himself nothing, keep his heart free from the thoughtlessness of mankind; weep as a warning to others, and behold (with awe) the power of God, saying, Anterior to me, what mighty possessors of kingdoms and wealth have been born on earth! but the sky, involving them all in its revolving circle, has mixed them with the dust. It is a bye-word, on beholding the moving hand mill, Kabira, weeping, exclaimed, 'Alas! nothing has yet survived the pressure of the two millstones.'

Now, if you look (for those heroes), not one vestige of them remains, except a heap of dust. All of them, leaving their riches and possessions, their homes and offsprings, their friends and dependants, their horses and elephants, are lying alone! All these (worldly advantages) have been of no use to them; moreover, no one by this time, knows even their names, or who they were; and their state within the grave cannot be discovered; (for worms, insects, ants, and snakes have eaten them up;) or (who knows) what has happened to them,or how they have settled their accounts with God? After meditating on these words in his mind, he should look on the whole of this world as a perfect farce; then the flower of his heart will ever bloom, and it will not wither in any circumstance. When the king read this admonition in the book, he recollected the advice of Kheradmand the Wazir, and found that they coincided. He became anxious in his mind to put this in execution; but to mount on horseback, (said his majesty to himself,) and take a retinue with me, and go like a king, is not becoming; it is better to change my dress, and go at night and alone to visit the graves of the dead, or some godly recluse, and keep awake all night; perhaps by the mediation of these holy men, the desires of this world and salvation in the next, may be obtained.

Having formed this resolution, the king one night put on coarse and soiled clothes, and taking some money with him, he stole silently out of the fort, and bent his way over the plain; proceeding onwards, he arrived at a cemetery, and was repeating his prayers with a sincere heart. At that time, a fierce wind continued blowing, and might be called a storm. Suddenly the king saw a flame at a distance which shone like the morning star; he said to himself, In this storm and darkness this light cannot shine without art, or it may be a talisman; for if nitre and sulfur be sprinkled in the lamp, around the wick, then let the wind be ever so strong, the flame will not be extinguished--or may it not be the lamp of some holy man which burns? Let it be what it may, I ought to go and examine it; perhaps by the light of this lamp, the lamp of my house also may be lighted, and the wish of my heart fulfilled. Having formed this resolution, the king advanced in that direction; when he drew near, he saw four erratic fakirs, with kafnis on their bodies, and their heads reclined on their knees; sitting in profound silence, and senselessly abstracted. Their state was such as that of a traveler, who, separated from his country and his sect, friendless and alone, and overwhelmed with grief, is desponding and at a loss. In the same manner sat these four Fakirs, like statues, and a lamp placed on a stone burnt brightly; the wind touched it not, as if the sky itself had been its shade, so that it burnt without danger (of being extinguished.)

On seeing this sight, Azad Bakht was convinced (and said to himself) that assuredly thy desires will be fulfilled, by the blessing (resulting from) the footsteps of these men of God; and the withered tree of thy hopes shall revive by their looks, and yield fruit. Go into their company, and tell thy story, and join their society; perhaps they may feel pity for thee, and offer up for thee such a prayer as may be accepted by the Almighty. Having formed this determination,he was about to step forward,when his judgment told him, O fool,do not be hasty! Look a little (before thee.) What do you know as to who they are, from whence they have come, and where they are going? How can we know but they may be Devs or Ghuls of the wilderness, who, assuming the appearance of men, are sitting together? In every way, to be in haste, and go amongst them and disturb them, is improper. At present, hide thyself in some corner, and learn the story of these Darweshes. At last the king did so, and hid himself in a corner with such silence, that no one heard the sound of his approach; he directed his attention towards them to hear what they were saying amongst themselves. By chance one of the Fakirs sneezed, and said, God be praised. The other three Kalandars, awakened by the noise he made, trimmed the lamp; the flame was burning bright, and each of them sitting on his mattress, lit their hookahs, and began to smoke. One of these Azads said, O friends in mutual pain, and faithful wanderers over the world! We four persons, by the revolution of the heavens, and changes of day and night, with dust on our heads, have wandered for some time, from door to door. God be praised, that by the aid of our good fortune, and the decree of fate, we have to-day met each other on this spot. The events of to-morrow are not in the least known, nor what will happen; whether we remain together, or become totally separated; the night is a heavy load, and to retire to sleep so early is not salutary. It is far better that we relate, each on his own part, the events which have passed over our heads in this world, without admitting a particle of untruth (in our narrations;) then the night will pass away in words, and when little of it remains, let us retire to rest. They all replied, O leader, we agree to whatever you command. First you begin your own history, and relate what you have seen; then shall we be edified.

ADVENTURES OF THE FIRST DARWESH

The first Darwesh, sitting at his ease, began thus to relate the events of his travels:

Beloved of God, turn towards me, and hear this helpless one's narrative. Hear what has passed over my head with attentive ears, Hear how Providence has raised and depressed me. I am going to relate whatever misfortunes I have suffered; hear the whole narrative.

O my friends, the place of my birth, and the country of my forefathers, is the land of Yaman; the father of this wretch was Maliku-t-Tujjar, a great merchant, named Khwaja Ahmad. At that time no merchant or banker was equal to him. In most cities he had established factories and agents, for the purchase and sale (of goods); and in his warehouses were lakhs of rupees in cash, and merchandise of different countries. He had two children born to him; one was this pilgrim, who, clad in the kafni and saili, is now in your presence, and addressing you, holy guides; the other was a sister, whom my father, during his lifetime, had married to a merchant's son of another city; she lived in the family of her father-in-law. In short, what bounds could be set to the fondness of a father, who had an only son, and was so exceedingly rich! This wanderer received his education with great tenderness under the shadow of his father and mother; and began to learn reading and writing, and the science and practice of the military profession; and likewise the art of commerce, and the keeping of accounts. Up to (the age of) fourteen years, my life passed away in extreme delight and freedom from anxiety; no care of the world entered my heart. All at once, even in one year, both my father and mother died by the decree of God.

I was overwhelmed with such extreme grief, that I cannot express (its anguish). At once I became an orphan! No elder (of the family) remained to watch over me. From this unexpected misfortune I wept night and day; food and drink were utterly disregarded. In this sad state I passed forty days: on the fortieth day, (after the death of my parents,) my relations and strangers of every degree assembled (to perform the rites of mourning.) When the Fatiha for the dead was finished, they tied on this pilgrim's head the turban of his father; they made me understand that, In this world the parents of all have died, and you yourself must one day follow the same path. Therefore, have patience, and look after your establishment; you have now become its master in the room of your father; be vigilant in your affairs and transactions. After consoling me (in this friendly manner,) they took their leave. All the agents, factors and employés (of my late father) came and waited on me; they presented their nazars, and said, Be pleased to behold with your own auspicious eye the cash in the coffers, and the merchandise in the warehouses. When all at once my sight fell on this boundless wealth, my eyes expanded. I gave orders for the fitting up of a diwan-khana; the far rashes spread the carpets, and hung up the pardas and magnificent chicks. I took handsome servants into my service; and caused them to be clothed in rich dresses out of my treasury. This mendicant had no sooner reposed himself in (the vacant) seat (of his father) than he was surrounded by fops, coxcombs, duggars and sonars, liars and flatterers, who became his favorites and friends. I began to have them constantly in my company. They amused me with the gossip of every place, and every idle, lying tittle tattle; they continued urging me thus. In this season of youth, you ought to drink of the choicest wines, and send for beautiful mistresses to participate in the pleasures thereof, and enjoy yourself in their company.

In short, the evil genius of man is man: my disposition changed from listening constantly (to their pernicious advice.) Wine, dancing, and gaming occupied my time. At last matters came to such a pitch, that, forgetting my commercial concerns, a mania for debauchery and gambling came over me. My servants and companions, when they perceived my careless habits, secreted all they could lay their hands on; one might say a systematic plunder took place. No account was kept of the money which was squandered; from whence it came, or where it went:

When the wealth comes gratuitously, the heart has no mercy on it. Had I possessed even the treasures of Karun, they would not have been sufficient to supply this vast expenditure. In the course of a few years such became all at once my condition, that, a bare skull cap for my head, and a rag about my loins, were all that remained. Those friends who used to share my board, and (who so often swore) to shed their blood by the spoonful for my advantage, disappeared; yea, even if I met them by chance on the highway, they used to withdraw their looks and turn aside their faces from me; moreover, my servants, of every description, left me, and went away; no one remained to enquire after me, and say, what state is this you are reduced to? I had no companion left but my grief and regret.

I now had not a half-farthing's worth of parched grain (to grind between my jaws,) and give a relish to the water I drank: I endured two or three severe fasts, but could no longer bear (the cravings of) hunger. From necessity, covering my face with the mask of shamelessness, I formed the resolution of going to my sister; but this shame continued to come into my mind, that, since the death of my father, I had kept up no friendly intercourse with her, or even written her a single line; nay, further, she had written me two or three letters of condolence and affection, to which I had not designed to make any reply in my inebriated moments of prosperity. From this sense of shame my heart felt no inclination (to go to my sister,) but except her house, I had no other (to which I could resort.) In the best way I could, on foot, empty-handed, with much fatigue and a thousand toils, having traversed the few (intervening) stages, I arrived at the city where my sister lived, and reached her house. My sister, seeing my wretched state, invoked a blessing upon me, embraced me with affection, and wept bitterly; she distributed (the customary offerings to the poor) on the occasion of my safe arrival, such as oil, vegetables, and small coins, and said to me, Though my heart is greatly rejoiced at this meeting, yet, brother, in what sad plight do I see you? I could make her no reply, but shedding tears, I remained silent. My sister sent me quickly to the bath, after having ordered a splendid dress to be sewn for me. I bathed, washed, and put on these clothes. She fixed on an elegant apartment, near her own, for my residence. I had in the morning sharbat, and various kinds of sweetmeats for my breakfast; in the afternoon, fresh and dried fruits for my luncheon; and at dinner and supper she having procured for me pulaos, kababs, and bread of the most exquisite flavor and delicious cookery; she saw me eat them in her own presence; and in every manner she took care of me. I offered thousands upon thousands of thanksgivings to God for enjoying such comfort, after such affliction (as I had suffered.) Several months passed in this tranquility, during which I never put my foot out of my apartment.

One day, my sister, who treated me like a mother, said to me, O brother, you are the delight of my eyes, and the living emblem of the dead dust of our parents; by your arrival the longing of my heart is satisfied; whenever I see you, I am infinitely rejoiced; you have made me completely happy; but God has created men to work for their living, and they ought not to sit idle at home. If a man becomes idle and stays at home, the people of the world cast unfavorable reflections on him; more especially the people of this city, both great and little, though it concerns them not, will say, on your remaining (with me and doing nothing,) 'That having lavished and spent his father's worldly wealth, he is now living on the scraps from his brother-in-law's board.' This is an excessive want of proper pride, and will be our ridicule, and the subject of shame to the memory of our parents; otherwise I would keep you near my heart, and make you shoes of my own skin, and have you wear them. Now, my advice is that you should make an effort at traveling; please God the times will change, and in place of your present embarrassment and destitution, gladness and prosperity may be the result. On hearing this speech my pride was roused; I approved of her advice, and replied, very well, you are now in the place of my mother, and I will do whatever you say. Having thus received my consent, she went into the interior of her house, and brought out, by the assistance of her female slaves and servants, fifty tolas of gold and laid them before me, saying, A caravan of merchants is on the point of setting out for Damascus. Do you purchase with this money some articles of merchandise? Having put them under the care of a merchant of probity, take from him a proper receipt for them: and do you also proceed to Damascus. When you arrive there in safety, receive the amount sales of your goods, and the profit which may accrue (from your merchant,) or sell them yourself (as may be most convenient or advantageous.``) I took the money and went to the bazaar; and having bought articles of merchandise, I delivered them to an eminent merchant, and set my mind at ease on receiving a satisfactory receipt from him. The merchant embarked with the goods on board a vessel, and set off by sea, and I prepared to go by land. When I took leave of my excellent sister, she gave me a rich dress and a superb horse with jeweled harness; she put some sweetmeats in a leather bag and hung it to the pummel of my saddle, and she suspended a flask of water from the crupper; she tied a sacred rupee on my arm, and having marked my forehead with tika, Proceed, said she, suppressing her tears, I have put thee under the protection of God; thou showest thy back in going, in the same happy state show me soon your face. I also said, after repeating the prayer of welfare, God be your protector also. I obey your commands. Coming out from thence, I mounted my horse, and having placed my reliance on the protection of the Almighty, I set forward, and throwing two stages into one, I soon reached the neighborhood of Damascus.

In short, when I arrived at the city gate, the night was far advanced, and the door-keepers and guards had shut them. I made much entreaty, and added, I am a traveler, who has come a long journey, at a great rate; if you would kindly open the gates, I could get into the city and procure some refreshment for myself and my horse. They rudely replied from within, There is no order to open the gates at this hour; why have you come so late in the night? When I heard this plain answer of theirs, I alighted from my horse under the walls of the city, and spreading my housing, I sat down; but to keep awake,I often rose up and walked about. When it was exactly midnight, there was a dead silence. What do I see but a chest descending slowly from the walls of the fortress! When I beheld this (strange sight), I was filled with surprise, thinking what talisman is this! Perhaps God, taking pity on my perplexity and my misfortunes, has sent me here some bounty from his hidden treasure. When the chest rested on the ground, I approached it with much fear, and perceived it was of wood. Instigated by curiosity, I opened it; I beheld in it a beautiful lovely woman (at the sight of whom the senses would vanish), wounded and weltering in her blood, with her eyes closed, and in extreme agonies. By degrees her lips moved, and these sounds issued slowly from her mouth, O faithless wretch! O barbarous tyrant! Is this deed which thou hast done, the return I merited for all my affection and kindness! Well, well! give me another blow (and complete thy cruelty): I entrust to God the executing of justice between myself and thee. After pronouncing these words, even in that insensible state, she drew the end of her dupatta over her face; she did not look towards me.

Gazing on her, and hearing her exclamations, I became torpid. It occurred to me, what savage tyrant could wound so beautiful a lady! what (demon) possessed his heart, and how could he lift his hand against her! she still loves him, and even in this agony of death, she recollects him! I was muttering this to myself; the sound reached her ear; drawing at once her veil from her face, she looked at me. The moment her looks met mine, I nearly fainted, and my heart throbbed with difficulty; I supported myself by a strong effort, and taking courage, I asked her, tell me true, who art you, and what sad occurrence is this I see; if you will explain it, then it will give ease to my heart. On hearing these words, though she had scarce strength to speak, yet she slowly uttered, I thank you! How can I speak? my condition, owing to my wounds, is what you see; I am your guest for a few moments only; when my spirit shall depart, then, for God's sake, act like a man, and bury unfortunate me in some place, in this chest; then I shall be freed from the tongue of the good and bad, and you will earn for yourself a future reward. After Pronouncing these words, she became silent.

In the night I could apply no remedy; I brought the chest near me, and began to count the gharis of the remaining night. I determined, when the morning came, to go into the city and do all in my power for the cure (of this beautiful woman). The short, remaining night became so heavy a load, that my heart was quite restless. At last, after suffering much uneasiness, the morning approached—the cock crowed, and the voices of men were heard. After performing the morning prayer, I enclosed the chest in a coarse canvas sack, and just as the gates opened, I entered the city. I began to inquire of every man and shop-keeper where I could find a mansion for hire; and after much searching, I found a convenient, handsome house, which I rented. The first thing I did was to take that beautiful woman out of the chest, and lay her on a soft bed made up of flocks of cotton, which I had removed to a corner. I then placed a trusty person near her, and went in search of a surgeon. I wandered about, asking of everyone I met who was the cleverest surgeon in the city, and where he lived. One person said, There is a certain barber who is unique in the practice of surgery, and the science of physics; and in these arts is quite perfect. If you carry a dead person to him, by the help of God, he will apply such remedies that will bring him to life. He dwells in this quarter (of the city) and his name is 'Isa.

On hearing this agreeable intelligence, I went in search of him, and after several inquiries, I found his abode from the directions I had received. I saw a man with a white beard sitting under the portico of his door, and several men were grinding materials for plasters beside him. For the sake of complimenting him, I made him a respectful salam, and said,-Having heard of your name and excellent qualities, I have come (to solicit your assistance.) The case is this: I set out from my country for the purpose of trade, and took my wife with me, from the great affection I had for her; when I arrived near this city, I halted at a little distance, as the evening had set in. I did not think it safe to travel at night in an unseen country; I therefore rested under a tree on the plains. At the last quarter of the night, I was attacked by robbers; they plundered me of all the money and the property they could find, and wounded my wife, from avidity for her jewels. I could make no resistance, and passed the remainder of the night as well as I could. Early in the morning I came into this city, and rented a house; leaving her there, I am coming to you with all speed. God has given you this perfection in your profession; favour this (unfortunate) traveller, and come to his humble dwelling; see my wife, and if her life should be saved, then you will acquire great fame, and I will be your slave as long as I live. 'Isa, the surgeon, was very humane and devout; he took pity on my misfortune, and accompanied me to my house. On examining the wounds, he gave me hope, and said, By the blessing of God, this lady's wounds will be cured in forty days; and I will then cause to be administered to her the ablution of cure.

In short, the good man having thoroughly washed all the wounds with the decoction of nim, he cleansed them; those that he found fit for stitching, he sewed up; and on the others he laid lint and plasters, which he took out of his box, and tied them up with bandages, and said with much kindness, I will continue to call morning and evening; be thou careful that she remain perfectly quiet, so that the stitches may not give way; let her food be chicken broth administered in small quantities at a time, and give her often the spirit of Bed-Mushk,with rose water, so that her strength may be supported. After giving these directions, he took his leave. I thanked him very much with joined hands, and added, From the consolation you have bestowed, my life also has been restored; otherwise, I saw nothing but death before me; God keep you safe. And after giving him 'Itr and betel, I took leave of him. Night and day I attended on that beautiful lady with the utmost solicitude; rest to myself I renounced as impious, and in the threshold of God I daily prayed for her cure.

It came to pass that the merchant (who had charge of my merchandise,) arrived, and delivered over to me the goods I had entrusted to his care. I sold them as occasion required, and began to spend the amount on medicines and remedies. The good surgeon was regular in his attendance, and in a short time all the wounds filled up, and began to heal; a few days after she performed the ablution of cure. Joy of a wonderful nature arose (in my heart)! A rich khilat, and (a purse of) gold pieces I laid before 'Isa, the surgeon. I ordered elegant carpets to be spread for that fair one, and caused her to sit upon the masnad. I distributed large sums to the poor (on the joyous occasion,) and that day I was as happy as if I had gained possession of the sovereignty of the seven climes. On that beautiful lady's cure, such rosy, pure color appeared in her complexion, that her face shone like the sun, and sparkled with the luster of the purest gold. I could not gaze on her without being dazzled with her beauty. I devoted myself entirely to her services, and zealously performed whatever she commanded. In the full pride of beauty and consciousness of high rank, if ever she condescended to cast a look on me, she used to say, Take care, if my good opinion is desirable to you, then never breathe a syllable in my affairs; whatever I order, perform without objection; never utter a breath in my concerns, otherwise you will repent. It appeared, however, from her manners, that the return due to me for my services and obedience, was fully impressed on her mind. I also did nothing without her consent, and executed her commands with implicit obedience.

A certain space of time passed away in this mystery and submission—I instantly procured for her whatever she desired. I spent all the money I had from the sale of my goods, both principal and interest. In a foreign country (where I was unknown), who would trust me? That by borrowing, affairs might go on. At last, I was distressed about money, even for our daily expenses, and then my heart became much embarrassed. With this anxious solicitude I pined daily, and the color fled from my face; but to whom could I speak (for aid)? What my heart suffered, that it must suffer. The grief of the poor man(preys) on his own soul. One day the beautiful lady, from her own penetration, perceived (my distressed state) and said, O youth! my obligations (to you) for the services (you have rendered) me are engraven on my heart as indelible as on stone; but their return I am unable to make at present. If there is anything required for necessary expenses, do not be distressed on that account, but bring me a slip of paper, pen, and ink. I was then convinced that this fair lady must be a princess of some country, or else she would not have addressed me with such boldness and haughtiness. I instantly brought her the writing materials, and placed them before her--she having written a note in a fair hand, delivered it to me, and said, There is a Tirpauliya near the fort; in the adjoining street is a large mansion, and the master of that house is called Sidi Bahar; go and deliver this note to him.

I went according to her commands, and by the name and address she had given me, I soon found out the house; by the porter I sent word of the circumstance (of my having brought) a letter. The moment he heard (my message,) a handsome young negro, with a flashy turban on his head, came out to me; though his colour was dark, his countenance was full of animation. He took the note from my hand, but said nothing, asked no questions, and at the same pace (without a pause) entered the house. In a short time he came out, accompanied by slaves, who carried on their heads eleven sealed trays covered with brocade. He told the slaves, Go with this young man, and deliver these trays. I, having made my salutation, took my leave of him, and brought (the slaves with their burdens) to our house. I dismissed the men from the door, and carried in the trays entrusted to me to the presence of the fair lady. On seeing them she said, Take these eleven bags of gold pieces and appropriate the money to necessary expenses; God is most bountiful. I took the gold, and began to lay it out in immediate need. Although I became more easy in my mind, yet this perplexity continued in my heart. O God, (said I to myself,) what a strange circumstance this is! That a stranger, whose person is unknown to me, should, on the mere sight of a bit of paper, have delivered over to me so much money without question or inquiry. I cannot ask the fair lady to explain the mystery, as she has beforehand forbidden me. Through fear, I was unable to breathe a syllable.

Eight days after this occurrence, the beloved fair one thus addressed me:--God has bestowed on man the robe of humanity which may not be torn or soiled; and although tattered clothes are no disparagement to his manhood, yet in public, in the eyes of the world he has no respect paid to him (if shabbily clothed). So take two bags of gold with thee, and go to the chauk, to the shop of Yusuf the merchant, and buy there some sets of jewels of high value, and two rich suits of clothes, and bring them with thee. I instantly mounted my horse, and went to the shop described. I saw there a handsome young man, clothed in a saffron-coloured dress, seated on a cushion; his beauty was such that a whole multitude stopped in the street from his shop as far as the bazaar to gaze at him. I approached him with perfect pleasure, having made my salam 'alaika. I sat down, and mentioned the articles required. My pronunciation was not like that of the inhabitants of that city. The young merchant replied with great kindness, Whatever you require is ready, but tell me, sir, from what country are you coming from, and what are the motives of your stay in this foreign city? If you will condescend to inform me on these points, it will not be far from kindness. It was not agreeable to me to divulge my circumstances, so I made up some story, took the jewels and the clothes, paid their price, and begged to take my leave. The young man seemed displeased and said, O sir, if you wished to be so reserved, it was not necessary to show such warmth of friendly greeting in your first approach. Amongst well-bred people these amicable greetings are of much consideration. He pronounced this speech with such elegance and propriety, that it quite delighted my heart, and I did not think it courteous to be unkind and leave him so hastily; therefore, to please him, I sat down again and said, I agree to your request with all my heart, and am ready (to obey your commands.)